scbmtБИОМЕДИЦИНАJournal Biomed2074-59822713-0428Scientific center of biomedical technologies of Federal Medical and Biological Agencyscbmt-103Research ArticleНОВЫЕ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ИТЕХНОЛОГИИИнсулиновый рецептор в мозге: новая мишень в лечении центральной инсулиновой резистентностиInsulin signaling system in the brain: new target in the treatment of central insulin resistanceПомыткинИ. А.PomytkinI. A.ipomytkin@gmail.ruКрасильниковаИ. А.Krasil’NikovaI. A.noemail@neicon.ruПинелисВ. Г.PinelisV. G.noemail@neicon.ruКаркищенкоН. Н.KarkischenkoN. N.noemail@neicon.ruФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)Russian FederationФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииRussian FederationФГБУН «Научный центр биомедицинских технологий ФМБА России»Russian Federation201826022019031734Copyright © Помыткин И.А., Красильникова И.А., Пинелис В.Г., Каркищенко Н.Н., 20192019Помыткин И.А., Красильникова И.А., Пинелис В.Г., Каркищенко Н.Н.Pomytkin I.A., Krasil’Nikova I.A., Pinelis V.G., Karkischenko N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/103

Настоящий обзор посвящен сигнальной системе инсулинового рецептора в мозге, которая имеет ряд существенных отличий от периферической системы. В клетках мозга преобладает, а в нейронах - экспрессируется исключительно высокоафинная короткая изоформа А рецептора (IR-A), которая способна связывать не только инсулин, но и инсулиноподобный фактор 2 (IGF-2). IR-A участвует в регуляции синаптической пластичности, росте дендритов и аксонов, в регуляции взрослого нейрогенеза. Инсулиновая система в мозге играет роль в процессах формирования памяти и регуляции пищевого поведения. Нарушения инсулиновой сигнализации приводят к развитию центральной инсулиновой резистентности, наиболее известным проявлением которой является болезнь Альцгеймера. Разработка средств лечения центральной инсулиновой резистентности с учетом специфики инсулиновой сигнализации в мозге является новым многообещающим подходом в терапии заболеваний центральной нервной системы.

This review relates to insulin signaling system in the brain, which differs from those in peripheral tissues. Brain cells express predominantly, and neurons exclusively, the high affinity short isoform A of the insulin receptor (IR-A). IR-A binds insulin and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) with physiologically relevant affinity, in contrast to isoform B (IR-B), major isoform in adult peripheral tissues. IR-A is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, the growth of dendrites and axons, and the regulation of adult neurogenesis. The insulin system in the brain plays a role in the processes of memory formation and the regulation of eating behavior. Impairments of insulin signaling in the brain lead to the development of central insulin resistance, the most prominent manifestation of which is Alzheimer's disease. The development of drugs specifically targeting central insulin resistance represents a new promising approach in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.