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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОМЕДИЦИНА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Biomed</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-5982</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0428</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific center of biomedical technologies of Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33647/2074-5982-16-2-12-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbmt-1185</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Между когнитивностью и нейропатиями: нейровизуализация эффектов ГАМК-ергической модуляции гиппокампа и префронтального неокортекса по нормированным электрограммам мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Between Cognitivity and Neuropathies: Neuroimaging of the Effects of GABAergic Modulation of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Neocortexis by Normalized Brain Electrograms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каркищеко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karkischenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каркищенко Николай Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАРАН, член-корреспондент РАН</p><p>143442, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Karkischenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Academician of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Svetlye gory village, building 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niknik2808@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каркищенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karkischenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каркищенко Владислав Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>143442, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav N. Karkischenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p><p>143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Svetlye gory village, building 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">scbmt@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фокин Юрий Владимирович, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>143442, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy V. Fokin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Svetlye gory village, building 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fokin@scbmt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Табоякова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taboyakova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Табоякова Лидия Александровна</p><p>143442, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidiya A. Taboyakova</p><p>143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Svetlye gory village, building 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lida-vet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алимкина Оксана Владимировна</p><p>143442, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Alimkina</p><p>143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Svetlye gory village, building 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alimkina@scbmt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова Мария Михайловна</p><p>143442, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya M. Borisova</p><p>143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Svetlye gory village, building 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisova_mm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Научный центр биомедицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientifi c Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каркищеко Н.Н., Каркищенко В.Н., Фокин Ю.В., Табоякова Л.А., Алимкина О.В., Борисова М.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каркищеко Н.Н., Каркищенко В.Н., Фокин Ю.В., Табоякова Л.А., Алимкина О.В., Борисова М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karkischenko N.N., Karkischenko V.N., Fokin Y.V., Taboyakova L.A., Alimkina O.V., Borisova M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/1185">https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/1185</self-uri><abstract><p>Сравнительный анализ по всему диапазону нормированных электрограмм мозга (НЭМ) выявил избирательное влияние производных гамма-аминомасляной кислоты (ГАМК) в гиппокампе и лобном полюсе неокортекса. Обнаруживается значительная схожесть уровня активации этих областей мозга при действии глутамина и особенно габапентина. При этом для габапентина активность гиппокампа более сопоставима с таковой в передней супрасильвиевой извилине. Анализ НЭМ при действии прегабалина обнаруживает сходство гиппокампа и прореальной извилины, но с более выраженной активностью в диапазоне 1–10 Гц, а активность НЭМ в передней супрасильвиевой извилине ниже, чем в прореальной извилине. При действии фенибута активность гиппокампа выше по сравнению с префронтальной корой в диапазоне 30–40 Гц, а при действии аминалона — во всех анализируемых ритмах значительно выше, чем в префронтальной коре. Установлено преимущественное влияние производных ГАМК на высокочастотные составляющие γ-ритмов НЭМ. Наиболее выраженные эффекты активации в γ-ритмах характерны для аминалона, наиболее выраженные эффекты депримации — для габапентина. Общая картина активности γ-ритма при введении глутамина, прегабалина и фенибута схожа и в целом близка к фоновому уровню. При этом эффекты глутамина и прегабалина в анализе НЭМ обнаруживают сходства в частотных диапазонах около 40–44 и 60–64 Гц; эффекты прегабалина, габапентина и фенибута — в частотном диапазоне около 52–62 Гц. Габапентин в высокочастотном γ-диапазоне отличают пики в области 44–50 Гц, прегабалин — 40–55 Гц, фенибут — 35–40 Гц, а аминалон не имеет совпадений с другими производными ГАМК и характеризуется экстремумом в γ-ритме на частоте около 41 Гц. С помощью инструментальных методов оценки когнитивного поведения и математического анализа НЭМ установлена важнейшая роль в осуществлении эффектов глутамата и ГАМК. По-видимому, она принадлежит вставочным нейронам (корзинчатым клеткам) гиппокампа и префронтальной коре. Подтверждено, что ГАМК является основным медиатором вставочных нейронов в системной деятельности мозга. Максимальные значения НЭМ при действии всех исследованных производных ГАМК совпадают с фармакодинамическими и фармакокинетическими параметрами этих препаратов. Сравнительный анализ эффектов глутамата и всех исследованных ГАМК-средств обнаруживает его наибольшее сходство с фенибутом. Аминалон, являющийся синтетическим аналогом ГАМК, отличается от всех остальных исследованных препаратов наибольшей активацией общего уровня НЭМ. Эффекты нейровизуализации отражают свойства и характер влияния препаратов на когнитивные функции, интрацентральные отношения головного мозга и высшую нервную деятельность. Изучены новые механизмы системного действия производных ГАМК. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что использование нормированных электрографических функций различных отделов головного мозга позволяют выявить определенные физиологические и патогенетические механизмы важнейших функций головного мозга и их нарушений. Активация ГАМК-ергической стресслимитирующей системы может рассматриваться как один из перспективных методов выбора путей профилактики и лечения заболеваний, связанных с нейрогенным и психогенным факторами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative analysis conducted across the entire range of normalized brain electrograms (NBE) revealed the selective effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives in the hippocampus and frontal pole of the neocortex. A signifi cant similarity in the level of activation of these brain regions was revealed under the action of glutamine and, particularly, gabapentin. For gabapentin, the activity of the hippocampus is more comparable to that in the anterior suprasilvius gyrus. Under the action of pregabalin, NBE revealed a similarity between the hippocampus and the proreal gyrus, with a more pronounced activity being registered in the range of 1–10 Hz. The NBE activity in the anterior suprasilvian gyrus was lower than that in the proreal gyrus. Under the action of phenibut, the activity of the hippocampus was higher than that of the prefrontal cortex across the 30–40 Hz range; however, under the action of aminalon, this phenomenon was observed for all the analysed rhythms. The predominant effect of GABA derivatives on the high-frequency components of the γ-rhythms of NBE was established. The most pronounced activation effects in γ-rhythms were characteristic of aminalon, while the most pronounced effects of deprimation were characteristic of gabapentin. The overall picture of the γ-rhythm activity was similar under the administration of glutamine, pregabalin and phenibut, as well as being generally close to the background level. The effects of glutamine and pregabalin in the analysis of NBE showed similarities across the frequency ranges of about 40–44 Hz and 60–64 Hz. The effects of pregabalin, gabapentin, and phenibut were similar across the frequency range of about 52–62 Hz. In the high-frequency γ-rhythms, gabapentin, pregabalin and phenibut were characterized by peaks in the range of 44–50 Hz, 40–55 Hz and 35–40 Hz, respectively. Aminalon showed no similarities with other GABA derivatives and was characterized by an extremum in the γ-rhythm at a frequency of about 41 Hz. Using instrumental methods for assessing cognitive behaviour and the mathematical analysis of NBE, the signifi cant role of the intercalary neurons (basket cells) of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the implementation of glutamate and GABA effects was established. It was confi rmed that GABA derivatives function as the main mediator of intercalary neurons in the systemic activity of the brain. The maximum values of NBE under the action of all the GABA derivatives under study coincide with the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs. A comparative analysis of the effects of glutamate and all the studied GABA derivatives revealed the greatest similarity of the former with phenibut. Aminalon, being a synthetic analogue of GABA, differs from all other drugs under study by the highest activation of the general level of NBE. The effects of neuroimaging refl ect the properties and nature of the effect of drugs on cognitive functions, intra-centre relations of the brain and higher nervous activity. New mechanisms of the systemic action of GABA derivatives were studied. The obtained results confi rm that the normalized electrographic activity of various parts of the brain can be used to identify certain physiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the most important functions of the brain and their disorders. Activation of the GABAergic stress-limiting system can be considered as one of the promising methods for the selection of approaches to preventing and treating diseases associated with neurogenic and psychogenic factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гамма-аминомасляная кислота (ГАМК)</kwd><kwd>фармакологическая модуляция</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>нейровизуализация</kwd><kwd>электрограммы головного мозга (ЭГМ)</kwd><kwd>нормированная ЭГМ (НЭМ)</kwd><kwd>быстрое преобразование Фурье (БПФ)</kwd><kwd>кошки</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>фронтальная кора мозга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)</kwd><kwd>pharmacological modulation</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>neuroimaging</kwd><kwd>brain electrograms</kwd><kwd>normalized brain electrograms</kwd><kwd>fast Fourier transform</kwd><kwd>cats</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>frontal cortex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баялиева А.Ж., Хусаинова И.И., Габитов Н.А., Филиппова Н.Е. 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