scbmtБИОМЕДИЦИНАJournal Biomed2074-59822713-0428Scientific center of biomedical technologies of Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.33647/2074-5982-15-1-12-34scbmt-122Research ArticleНОВЫЕ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИNEW BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIESНейровизуализация эффектов психоактивных средств посредством нормализации электрограмм головного мозгаNeuroimaging of the effects of psychoactive substances by means of normalization of brain electrogramsКаркищенкоН. Н.KarkischenkoN. N.

д.м.н., проф., акад. РАРАН, чл.-корр. РАН,

143442, Московская область, Красногорский район, п. Светлые горы, владение 1

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, supervisor,

143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Setllement Svetlye Gory, building 1

niknik2808@yandex.ruКаркищенкоВ. Н.KarkischenkoV. N.

д.м.н., проф.,

143442, Московская область, Красногорский район, п. Светлые горы, владение 1

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Director,

143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Setllement Svetlye Gory, building 1

scbmt@yandex.ruФокинЮ. В.FokinYu. V.

к.б.н.,

143442, Московская область, Красногорский район, п. Светлые горы, владение 1

PhD Sci. (Biol.),

143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Setllement Svetlye Gory, building 1

fokin-yuri@yandex.ruХаритоновС. Ю.KharitonovS. Yu.

143442, Московская область, Красногорский район, п. Светлые горы, владение 1

143442, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Setllement Svetlye Gory, building 1

scbmt@yandex.ruФГБУН «Научный центр биомедицинских технологий ФМБА России»РоссияScientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of RussiaRussian Federation201922032019011234Copyright © Каркищенко Н.Н., Каркищенко В.Н., Фокин Ю.В., Харитонов С.Ю., 20192019Каркищенко Н.Н., Каркищенко В.Н., Фокин Ю.В., Харитонов С.Ю.Karkischenko N.N., Karkischenko V.N., Fokin Y.V., Kharitonov S.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/122

Дефицит адекватных методов выявления психотропных свойств резко затормозил поиск новых психоактивных соединений. Слабо исследованы роль и место в формировании психических процессов β- и γ-ритмов электрограмм мозга. С другой стороны, трудно выделить даже главные компоненты психотропных средств на животных для экстраполяции в отношении человека. Этим вопросам и посвящена данная статья. Работа выполнена на кошках со стереотаксически имплантированными в разные отделы мозга электродами. Поскольку коммерческие электроэнцефалографы малоприемлемы для наших целей, в НЦБМТ ФМБА России были сконструированы специализированные устройства на микросхемах. Выбран оптимальный математический аппарат БПФ с оконным дискретным преобразованием Фурье на основе функций семейства Хэмминга.

Выполнялись нормализация и нормирование БПФ-преобразованных электрограмм мозга под влиянием доксиламина, ксилазина, кофеина, сертралина, фенотропила. Показана адекватность подхода к оценке фармакодинамики исследованных препаратов, имеющих, как правило, фазный характер, совпадающий с основными фармакокинетическими точками. β- и γ-диапазоны являются важнейшими показателями эффектов психотропных средств. 

The lack of adequate methods for identifying the psychotropic properties of various chemical compounds has dramatically hindered the search for new psychoactive substances. The role of β- and γ-rhythms of brain electrograms in the elucidation of mental processes is poorly investigated. On the other hand, even the isolation of the main acting components of psychotropic substances in animal studies for extrapolating to humans presents a challenge. This article is devoted to the aforementioned issues. This research was performed on cats with electrodes that had been stereotactically implanted in different parts of the brain. Since commercial electroencephalographs were not suitable for our purposes, specialized microchip devices were designed at the Scientific Centre for Biomedical Technologies (SCBMT), Russia. As a mathematical instrument, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm with a window discrete Fourier transform based on Hamming functions was implemented.

Normalization of the FFT-transformed brain electrograms recorded under the influence of doxylamine, xylazine, caffeine, sertraline, phenotropyl was carried out. The suitability of the proposed approach for assessing the pharmacodynamics of the studied substances, which are characterized by a phase character coinciding with the main pharmacokinetic points, is demonstrated. The β- and γ- rhythms are shown to be the most important indicators of the effects of psychotropic substances. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.