scbmtБИОМЕДИЦИНАJournal Biomed2074-59822713-0428Scientific center of biomedical technologies of Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.33647/2074-5982-15-2-34-42scbmt-131Research ArticleНОВЫЕ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИNEW BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIESИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ГЕНОМНОГО РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЯ: ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫUSE OF GENOME EDITING TECHNOLOGIES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND FURURE PROSPECTSМоховА. А.MokhovA. A.

д.ю.н., проф

123286, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Садовая-Кудринская, д. 9

Dr. Sci. (Law), Prof.,

123286, Russian Federation, Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya str., 9

med-farm-law@mail.ruЧапленкоА. А.ChaplenkoA. A.

119991, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3

127051, Российская Федерация, Москва, Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2

119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, Leninskie gory str., 1, building 3

127051, Russian Federation, Moscow , Petrovsky blvd, 8/2

a.a.chaplenko@yandex.ruЯворскийА. Н.YavorskiyA. N.

д.м.н., проф.,

142290, Российская Федерация, Московская обл., г. Пущино, пр-т Науки, д. 3

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.,

142290, Russian Federation, Moscow region, Pushchino, Nauki ave., 3

yavorskiy@genu.eduФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный юридический университет им. О. Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)»РоссияKutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова» ФГБУ «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Минздрава РоссииРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University; Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Пущинский государственный естественно-научный институт»РоссияPushchino State Institute of Natural ScienceRussian Federation201901072019023442Copyright © Мохов А.А., Чапленко А.А., Яворский А.Н., 20192019Мохов А.А., Чапленко А.А., Яворский А.Н.Mokhov A.A., Chaplenko A.A., Yavorskiy A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/131

В настоящее время для редактирования клеточного генома используют технологии, основанные на применении, как правило, одного из трех классов нуклеаз — цинкового пальца, TAL или CRISPRCas. Все они не лишены недостатков, некритичных при использовании у животных и в опытах in vitro, но значительно сдерживающих редактирование генома человека. На данный момент накоплен значительный опыт применения геноредактирующих технологий для лечения и профилактики генетических заболеваний, трансмиссивных и вирусных инфекций, однако дальнейшее развитие сдерживают как технические, так и этические проблемы. Задача экспертного сообщества и государства — обеспечить плавную интеграцию методов геномного редактирования в жизнь общества, не допустив значительных социальных потрясений.

Genome editing technologies are currently based on the use of one from the three classes of nucleases, i.e. a zinc finger, TAL or CRISPR-Cas. Drawbacks inherent in each of these approaches, though not being critical for animal or in vitro experiments, significantly limit their application in human genome editing. Considerable experience has so far been accumulated in the field of using gene-editing technologies for the treatment and prevention of genetic diseases, transmissible and viral infections. However, further progress is hampered by various technical and ethical problems. It is the task of expert communities and the state that genomic editing methods be smoothly integrated into everyday practices without significant social upheavals.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.