scbmtБИОМЕДИЦИНАJournal Biomed2074-59822713-0428Scientific center of biomedical technologies of Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.33647/2074-5982-15-2-43-53scbmt-132Research ArticleНОВЫЕ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИNEW BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIESМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ВЫСОКОЧАСТОТНЫХ ГАММА-ОСЦИЛЛЯЦИЙ В ГОЛОВНОМ МОЗГЕMETABOLIC CONTROL OF HIGH-FREQUENCY GAMMA OSCILLATIONS IN THE BRAINПомыткинИ. А.PomytkinI. A.

к.х.н.,

119991, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

143442, Российская Федерация, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1

Cand. Sci. (Chem.),

119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8/2

143442, Russian Federation, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Settlement Svetlye Gory, building 1

ipomytkin@mail.ruКаркищенкоН. Н.KarkischenkoN. N.

д.м.н., проф., чл.-корр. РАН, акад. РАРАН

143442, Российская Федерация, Московская обл., Красногорский р-н, п. Светлые горы, владение 1

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences

143442, Russian Federation, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district, Settlement Svetlye Gory, building 1

niknik2808@yandex.ruФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет) ФГБУН «Научный центр биомедицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУН «Научный центр биомедицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»РоссияScientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of RussiaRussian Federation201901072019024353Copyright © Помыткин И.А., Каркищенко Н.Н., 20192019Помыткин И.А., Каркищенко Н.Н.Pomytkin I.A., Karkischenko N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/132

Высокочастотная электрическая активность в диапазоне 30–100 Гц, известная как гамма-ритмы, наблюдается во многих областях мозга, где она обеспечивает синхронизацию активности нейронных сетей, которые обрабатывают, передают, хранят и получают информацию. Гамма-ритмы играют ключевую роль в процессах высшей нервной деятельности, таких как внимание, сенсорное восприятие и формирование памяти, а их нарушение является общим симптомом заболеваний, связанных с нарушениями когнитивной функции, в т. ч. болезни Альцгеймера, эпилепсии и шизофрении. Исследования последних лет показали, что особая популяция ингибирующих ГАМКергических нейронов, а именно парвальбумин-положительных (PV+) интернейронов, является источником высокочастотных осцилляций. Поддержание гамма-ритмов является чрезвычайно энергозатратным процессом, который опирается на высокую скорость окислительного фосфорилирования в митохондриях нейронов и лимитируется наличием глюкозы. Инсулин, возможно, участвует в метаболическом контроле гамма-осцилляций, т. к. PV+ интернейроны селективно экспрессируют инсулин-зависимый транспортер глюкозы GLUT4, который может обеспечить дополнительный приток глюкозы в условиях функционирования, близких к предельным, как это происходит в периоды высокочастотных гамма-осцилляций. Настоящий обзор суммирует имеющиеся в научной литературе данные о связи метаболизма и высокочастотной электрической активности мозга, с упором на возможный вклад центральной инсулиновой резистентности в нарушения гамма-ритмов мозга.

A high-frequency electrical activity across the range of 30–100 Hz, known as gamma rhythms, is observed in many regions of the brain. This phenomenon serves to synchronize the activity of various neural networks intended to process, transmit, store and receive information. Gamma rhythms play a key role in such processes of higher nervous activity as attention, sensory perception and memory formation. Impairment of gamma rhythms is a common symptom of diseases associated with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. Recent studies have shown that a particular population of GABAergic-inhibiting neurons, i.e. parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, is the source of high-frequency oscillations. Maintenance of gamma rhythms is an extremely energy-intensive process that relies on a high rate of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of neurons and is limited by the presence of glucose. Insulin may be involved in the metabolic control of gamma oscillations, since PV+ interneurons selectively express the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4, which can provide an additional glucose influx under near-limit functioning conditions as in the case of high-frequency gamma oscillations. This review generalized available literature data on the relationship between metabolism and a high-frequency electrical brain activity, with an emphasis on the possible contribution of central insulin resistance to disturbances of gamma rhythms in the brain.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.