This article presents a morphological assessment of the neuroprotective activity of dry extracts from Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. and Serratula centauroides L. in hypobaric hypoxia/reoxygenation. Experiments were carried out on 32 male Wistar rats. The animals in the experimental groups received R. uni florum and S. centauroides dry extracts at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days, with the last dose administered 30 minutes before inducing hypoxia. The animals in the intact and control groups received purified water according to an analogous scheme. On the 14th day of the experiment, the animals in the control and experimental groups were exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia followed by 3-hour reoxigenation. Acute hypobaric hypoxia was simulated by elevating laboratory animals to a height of 9000 m at a rate of 50 m/sec using altitude test facilities. The animals were kept under these conditions for 30 min followed by 3-hour reoxigenation. Brain histological preparations were prepared by Nissl staining. The degree of neuronal damage was assessed by counting four categories of cells: normochromic, sharply hypochromic, sharply hyperchromic (pyknotic) and shadow cells in the cerebral cortex II–V layers. It was found that R uniflorum and S. centauroides dry extracts limited the formation of pycnotic neurons by 36 and 45%, sharply hypochromic neurons by 10.5 and 7.0 times (p<0.05) and shadow cells by 2.4 and 1.8 times (p<0.05) in the cerebral cortex under the action of hypoxia/reoxygenation. Therefore, dry extracts obtained from R. uniflorum and S. centauroides leaves exhibit a neuroprotective activity under the conditions of hypoxia/reoxygenation.