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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbmt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОМЕДИЦИНА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Biomed</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-5982</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0428</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific center of biomedical technologies of Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33647/2074-5982-20-3-28-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbmt-1599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические изменения головного мозга при токсическом поражении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological Changes in the Brain During Toxic Injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайкова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaikova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайкова Ольга Николаевна, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Gaikova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva Str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-gaykova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Александр Александрович</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Kozlov</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva Str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Alexandrk0zlov89@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катрецкая</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katretskaya</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Катрецкая Галина Геннадьевна, к.м.н.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina G. Katretskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), </p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva Str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.katretskaja@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельникова Маргарита Викторовна</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita V. Melnikova</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva Str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">margarita10108@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелехова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melekhova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мелехова Александра Сергеевна</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra S. Melekhova</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva Str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melehovaalexandra@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Юлия Олеговна, к.б.н.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia O. Sokolova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva Str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulya_sokolova91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бажанова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhanova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бажанова Елена Давыдовна, д.б.н.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 1</p><p>194223, Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena D. Bazhanova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg, Bekhtereva Str., 1</p><p>194223, Saint Petersburg, Toreza Ave., 44</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bazhanovae@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова ФМБА России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова ФМБА России»; ФГБУН «Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Bioche-mistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайкова О.Н., Козлов А.А., Катрецкая Г.Г., Мельникова М.В., Мелехова А.С., Соколова Ю.А., Бажанова Е.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайкова О.Н., Козлов А.А., Катрецкая Г.Г., Мельникова М.В., Мелехова А.С., Соколова Ю.А., Бажанова Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gaikova O.N., Kozlov A.A., Katretskaya G.G., Melnikova M.V., Melekhova A.S., Sokolova Y.O., Bazhanova E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/1599">https://journal.scbmt.ru/jour/article/view/1599</self-uri><abstract><p>Токсическое поражение разных тканей организма сопровождается дистрофическими и некротическими процессами. Нервная система организма наиболее подвержена влиянию экзогенных веществ как химической, так и биологической природы. Дистрофия является сложным патологическим процессом, в основе которого лежит нарушение питания клеток, ведущее к возрастным, структурным изменениям и нейродегенерации. При токсических поражениях гибель клеток может происходить путём как некроза, так и апоптоза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Toxic damage to various tissues of the body is accompanied by dystrophic and necrotic processes. The nervous system is most susceptible to the influence of exogenous substances both of a chemical and biological nature. Dystrophy is a complex pathological process, which is based on a violation of cell nutrition, leading to age-related and structural changes, as well as neurodegeneration. In toxic lesions, cell death can occur through either necrosis or apoptosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токсическое поражение</kwd><kwd>нервная системы</kwd><kwd>дистрофия</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toxic damage</kwd><kwd>nervous system</kwd><kwd>dystrophy</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в соответствии с тематическим планом прикладных научноисследовательских работ по гос. заданию ФГБУ «НКЦТ им. С.Н. Голикова» ФМБА России и при поддержке госзадания ИЭФБ РАН № 075-00264-24-00.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was carried out in accordance with the thematic plan of applied research work on the state assignment of the Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology of the Federal Medical and Biolo- gical Agency of Russia and with the support of the state assignment of the Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 075-00264-24-00.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайкова О.Н., Ананьева Н.И., Забродская Ю.М. Морфологические проявления общепатологических процессов в нервной системе. СПб.: Издательская группа «Весь», 2015:158</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gajkova O.N., Anan'eva N.I., Zabrodskaya Yu.M. 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