About the Necessity and Limits of Vivisectional Experiments in Medicine
https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-17-2-35-45
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the possibilities and limits of conducting acute medical experiments from the moral and legal aspect. Modern Russian and foreign literature sources, as well as the latest scientifi c works on the problem under study, were reviewed. It was found that acute experiments are applied in a wide range of scientifi c research studies. The existing alternative methods cannot abolish the use of laboratory animals. Laboratory animals remain a suitable bio-model for conducting preclinical tests and experiments. Currently, vivisection is a necessary research method due to the lack of adequate alternatives.
About the Authors
A. M. Morozov
Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health care of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Artem M. Morozov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
170000, Tver, Sovetskaya Str., 4
A. N. Sergeyev
Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health care of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksey N. Sergeyev, Dr. Sci. (Med.)
170000, Tver, Sovetskaya Str., 4
S. V. Zhukov
Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health care of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sergei V. Zhukov, Dr. Sci. (Med.)
170000, Tver, Sovetskaya Str., 4
A. N. Pichugova
Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health care of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Anastasija N. Pichugova
170000, Tver, Sovetskaya Str., 4
M. A. Belyak
Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health care of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Maria A. Belyak
170000, Tver, Sovetskaya Str., 4
A. M. Morozova
State Clinical Hospital No. 7 of Tver
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Anastasia M. Morozova
170000, Tver, Sovetskaya Str., 4
V. F. Dumanov
Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow City Health care Department
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vladimir F. Dumanov
References
1. Adamenko V.N., Denisov A.V., Korovin A.E., et al. Deontologija vracha-jeksperimentatora: istorija i sovremennost’ [Deontology of the experimental doctor: history and modernity]. Rossijskie biomedicinskie issledovanija [Russian biomedical research]. 2018;3:14–31. (In Russian)].
2. Beregoj N.E. Vivisekcija i bor’ba s nej v Rossijskoj imperii v XIX — nachale XX vv. [Vivisection and the fi ght against it in the Russian Empire in the XIX-early XX centuries]. Istorikobiologicheskie issledovanija [Historical and biological research]. 2016;2:115–123. (In Russian)].
3. GOST 33044-2014. Principy nadlezhashhej laboratornoj praktiki [Principles of good laboratory practice]. (In Russian)].
4. GOST 33647-2015. Principy nadlezhashhej laboratornoj praktiki (GLP). Terminy i opredelenija. [Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Terms and defi nitions]. (In Russian)].
5. Directive 2004/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the harmonization of laws, regulations and administrative provisions concerning the application of the principles of good laboratory practice and verifi cation of their application to chemical testing]. (In English)].
6. Karkischenko N.N. Osnovy biomodelirovanija [Basics of biomodelling]. Moscow: Izd-vo VPK, 2005:608. (In Russian)].
7. Rukovodstvo po labora tornym zhivotnym i al’ternativnym modeljam v biomedicinskih tehnologijah [Guide to laboratory animals and alternative models in Biomedical technologies]. Ed. by N.N. Karkischenko, S.V. Grachev. Moscow: Profi l’-2C Publ., 2010:358. (In Russian)].
8. Korobejnikova E.P., Komarova E.F. Laboratornye zhivotnye-biomodeli i test-sistemy v fundamental’nyh i doklinicheskih jeksperimentah v sootvetstvii so standartami nadlezhashhej laboratornoj praktiki (NLP/ GLP) [Laboratory animals-biomodels and test systems in fundamental and preclinical experiments in accordance with the standards of good laboratory practice (NLP / GLP)]. Zhurnal fundamental’noj mediciny i biologii [J. of Fundamental Medicine and Biology]. 2016;1:30–36. (In Russian)].
9. Lipatov V.A., Krjukov A.A., Severinov D.A. Jeticheskie i pravovye aspekty provedenija jeksperimental’nyh biomedicinskih issledovanij in vivo. Ch. I [Ethical and legal aspects of experimental biomedical research in vivo. Part I]. Ros. med.-biol. vestn. im. akad. I.P. Pavlova. [Russian med.-biol. bulletin named after Academician I.P. Pavlov]. 2019;1:80–92. (In Russian)].
10. Lozovskaja A. Metodologija prepodavanija farmakologii i toksikologii s uchetom novyh obrazovatel’nyh standartov [Methodology of teaching of pharmacology and toxicology, taking into account the new education standards]. VetPharma. 2011;3–4:39–44. (In Russian)].
11. Mireckaja E.I. Biomedicinskie issledovanija na cheloveke: pravovye i moral’no-jeticheskie problem [Biomedical research in humans: legal and moral-ethical problems]. Juridicheskaja nauka i praktika: Vestnik Nizhegorodskoj akademii MVD Rossii [Legal Science and Practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia].2014;2(26):235–237. (In Russian)].
12. Morozov A.M., Mohov E.M., Zhukov S.V., Kadykov V.A. Ustrojstvo dlja vosproizvedenija peritonita u krys [Device for reproducing peritonitis in rats]. Patent for a utility model RU 179633 U1, 21.05.2018]. (In Russian)].
13. Morozov A.M., Mohov E.M., Kadykov V.A., et al. Ustrojstvo dlja vosproizvedenija peritonita u krys [Device for reproducing peritonitis in rats]. Vestnik sovremennoj klinicheskoj mediciny [Bulletin of Modern Clinical Medicine]. 2019;12(1):99–102. (In Russian)]. DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2019.12(1):99–102.
14. Mohov A.A., Murashev A.N., Krasil’shhikova M.S. O neobhodimosti sovershenstvovanija zakonodatel’stva v sfere ispol’zovanija laboratornyh zhivotnyh [On the need to improve legislation in the fi eld of the use of laboratory animals]. Vedomosti Nauchnogo centra jekspertizy sredstv medicinskogo primenenija [Vedomosti of the Scientifi c Center for the Examination of Medical Products]. 2016;4:62–68. (In Russian)].
15. Mohov E.M., Kadykov V.A., Morozov A.M., Eliseev M.A., Grosheva A.A., Zenin T.T., Pel’tehina O.V. O vozmozhnosti ispol’zovanija laboratornyh zhivotnyh v jeksperimental’noj hirurgii [On the possibility of using laboratory animals in experimental surgery]. Hirurgicheskaja praktika [Surgical practice]. 2018;2(34):33–38. In Russian)]. DOI: 10.17238/ ISSN2223-2427.2018.2.33–38.
16. Pravila nadlezhashhej laboratornoj praktiki Evrazijskogo jekonomicheskogo sojuza v sfere obrashhenija lekarstvennyh sredstv [Rules of good laboratory practice of the Eurasian Economic Union in the fi eld of circulation of medicines]. Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 81 of November 3, 2016.]. (In English)].
17. Pravila nadlezhashhej laboratornoj praktiki [Rules of good laboratory practice]. Order of the Ministry of the Health care of Russian Federation of April 1, 2016, No. 199н]. (In Russian)].
18. Sariev O.M. Obosnovannyj risk v medicinskoj dejatel’nosti i uslovija ego pravomernosti [Reasonable risk in medical activity and conditions of its legality]. Vestnik TGU [Bulletin of Tomsk State University]. 2015;5(145):145– 151. (In Russian)].
19. Sviridov R.V. Razvitie normy ob ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za zhestokoe obrashhenie s zhivotnymi po zakonodatel’stvu sovetskogo perioda [Development of the norm on criminal liability for cruelty to animals under the legislation of the Soviet period]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii [Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia]. 2018;2:265–268. (In Russian)].
20. Sopkova T.E., Litvjak L.G. Ugolovnaja otvetstvennost’ za zhestokoe obrashhenie s zhivotnymi — teorija i praktika [Criminal liability for animal cruelty: theory and practice]. Evrazijskij Sojuz Uchenyh [Eurasian Union of Scientists]. 2015;4–9(13):125–128. (In Russian)].
21. Tkachenko P.V., Lipatov V.A., Privalova I.L., Severinov D.A., Hmaro N.I. Jetikopravovye aspekty jeksperimental’noj praktiki [Ethical and legal aspects of experimental practice]. Innova. 2016;1(2):29–35. (In Russian)].
22. Tjurenkov I. N., Lomkina I.M., Kurkin D.V., Bakulin D.A., Volotova E.V. Jeticheskie aspekty doklinicheskih issledovanij [Ethical aspects of preclinical research]. Vedomosti Nauchnogo centra jekspertizy sredstv medicinskogo primenenija [Vedomosti of the Scientifi c Center for the Examination of Medical Products]. 2015;3:36–41. (In Russian)].
23. Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13.06.1996 № 63-FZ (ed. 31.07.2020). St. 245 “Zhestokoe obrashhenie s zhivotnymi” SZ RF. [Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 13.06.1996. No. 63-FZ. Article 245 “Cruelty to animals”]. 13.06.1996. No. 25. (In Russian)].
24. Federal’nyj zakon ot 24.04.1995 № 52-FZ “O zhivotnom mire”. [Federal Law No. 52-FZ of 24.04.1995 “On the Animal World”]. (In Russian)].
25. Federal’nyj zakon ot 27.12.2018 № 498-FZ “Ob otvetstvennom obrashhenii s zhivotnymi i o vnesenii izmenenij v otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii”. [Federal Law No. 498-FZ of 27.12.2018 “On Responsible treatment of animals and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”. (In Russian)].
26. Chadaev V.E. Model’nye ob”ekty v medicine i veterinarii [Model objects in medicine and veterinary medicine]. Vіsnik problem bіologії і medicini [Bulletin of problems of Biology and Medicine]. 2012;3:140–145. (In Russian)].
27. Shaglanov A.N. Vivisekcija i zhestokoe obrashhenie s zhivotnymi: za gran’ju gumanizma, prava i dobra [Vivisection and animal cruelty: Beyond Humanism, right and Good]. Nauka i sovremennost’ [Science and Modernity]. 2011;13–3:240–246. (In Russian)].
28. Shkurlatovskaja K.M., Kisteneva O.A., Chernavin D.A. Istorija biologicheskih jeksperimentov [History of biological experiments]. European research. 2016;12(23):95–96. (In Russian)].
29. Andersen M.L., Winter L.M.F. Animal models in biological and biomedical research — experimental and ethical concerns. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 2019;91:1– 14. DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170238.
30. Denny K.H., Stewart C.W. Acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic general toxicity testing for preclinical drug development: A comprehensive guide to toxicology in nonclinical drug development (second edition). Ed. Ali Said Faqi. London: Academic Press, 2017:109–127.
31. Directive 2010/63/EU of the European parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientifi c purposes.
32. Hooijmans C.R., Leenaars M., Ritskes-Hoitinga M. A gold standard publication checklist to improve the quality of animal studies, to fully integrate the Three Rs, and to make systematic reviews more feasible. Altern. Lab. Anim. 2010;38(2):167–182.
33. Imai M. Herophilus of Chalcedon and the Hippocratic tradition in early Alexandrian medicine. Hist. Sci. (Tokyo). 2011;21(2):103–122.
34. Menache A. The European citizens’ stop vivisection initiative and the revision of directive. Altern. Lab. Anim. 2016;44(4):383–390.
35. OECD Series on Principles Of Good Laboratory Practice And Compliance Monitoring, Number 1. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1997.
36. Pearce J.M. The neuroanatomy of herophilus. Eur. Neurol. 2013;69(5):292–295.
37. Pollock A. Vivisection and the experiments of the physiologist. Vesalius. 2012;18(1):36–38.
Review
For citations:
Morozov A.M., Sergeyev A.N., Zhukov S.V., Pichugova A.N., Belyak M.A., Morozova A.M., Dumanov V.F. About the Necessity and Limits of Vivisectional Experiments in Medicine. Journal Biomed. 2021;17(2):35-45. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-17-2-35-45
Views:
444
Email this article 
