Mini-pigs are an adequate biomodel for characterizing the processes of working capacity and endurance, as well as for conducting investigations in the field of sports medicine. For this kind of research, we propose gene targets from the families of cytokine and sirtuin proteins: IL-6, HMGB1, TNF (genes responsible for the synthesis of proteins belonging to the cytokine group) and SIRT (transferase from the family of sirtuin proteins). The SIRT 1 gene presents particular interest as an activator of mitochondrial activity during exercise. Real-time PCR systems were created, allowing assessment of the effect of various drugs on laboratory mini-pigs in preclinical studies.

This article investigates changes in the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage over time in the modeling of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice, followed by a single administration of Leutragine. In intact animals, macrophages predominate in bronchoalveolar lavage, which is the physiological norm. When modeling ARDS, neutrophils increase. A single administration of Leutragine leads to a significant reduction in the number of neutrophils and a simultaneous increase in macrophages in 72 hours, thus bringing the cellular composition of lavage to normal.

We experimentally studied the possibility of using a peptide extract from the pituitary gland of a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) to correct the functional state of the body under the combined effect of acute severe poisoning with sodium thiopental in rats, at a dose of LD₅₀ under long-term light desynchronosis. The research was conducted using the statistical method of two-factor analysis of variance. It was found that, under constant light, a peptide extract from the pituitary gland of a reindeer affects such parameters as diene conjugates concentration, the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Under prolonged darkness, the extract under study affected the activity of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The species flora composition of regions inhabited by musk deer affects the musk quality. A microelement analysis of plants collected from natural ranges of musk deer was carried out in order to optimize the diet of musk deer under open grazing.

The article confirms the significance of the time interval of at least 18 hours between the hemostatic and anticoagulant therapy, which is of particular importance when tranexamic acid is used. An analysis of the thrombohemorrhagic complications developed in the early postoperative period after arthroplasty of large joints of the lower extremities was carried out. In addition, the most significant coagulation parameters were determined, whose deviation from the norm before surgery increased the risk of thrombosis and bleeding after joint replacement among male and female patients.

A technology based on the effect of low-frequency vibrations on the respiratory system is a promising approach to increasing the functional reserves of the human body. To implement such a technology, it is necessary to justify the optimal modes of bioacoustic stimulation of the respiratory system. Therefore, the aim of the study was a theoretical and experimental justification of the technology to increase the functional reserves of the body based on bioacoustic stimulation of the respiratory system. Acoustic impedance was measured on a polyharmonic sound signal in the frequency range from 3 Hz to 51 Hz with a step of 3 Hz in all three phases of respiration: a full breath with a breath hold, a deep breath with a breath hold and free nasal surface breathing without a delay. After determining the resonant frequencies of the respiratory tract for two weeks, six sessions of bioacoustic stimulation were conducted on a group of 20 testers, including placebo exposure. In the exposure group, the sound pressure level was 130 dB, and in the control group - 60 dB, which is below the audibility threshold at these frequencies. Six-fold exposure to a scanning tone signal with a sound pressure level of 130 dB led to an increase in the resonant frequency of the respiratory system, a decrease in the absorption coefficient of sound vibrations by the respiratory system, and an increase in the resistance of the respiratory system to the sound wave. These effects can be explained by the fact that, as a result of exposure, reserve alveoli were discovered and the cross-sectional area of the alveolar passages and respiratory bronchioles increased. An analysis of the results of experiments in both groups in the dynamics of six stimulation sessions suggests that their values for the control group of testers practically did not change at all periods of observation. At the same time, similar indicators in the exposure group have a significant difference from the background values. It was shown that, in order to increase the functional reserves of the body, two bioacoustic stimulation treatments can be sufficient.

Wistar rats with NSAID-induced (dexketoprofen) chronic enterocolitis of the gastrointestinal tract were treated with a cultured allogeneic cell suspension consisting of mononuclear cells (40 millions) and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (10 millions). The suspension was transplanted intraperitoneally, 2 times with an interval of 30 days. Cultured allogeneic fractions of bone marrow cells accelerate the regeneration of long-term non-healing gastrointestinal lesions by reducing the duration and severity of the inflammatory phase and activating the regenerative phase of the ulcerative process. It was found that the simultaneous administration of the studied cultured stem cells can be used for the treatment of chronic, long-term non-healing, poorly-scarring ulcerative necrotic gastrointestinal pathologies.

The article is devoted to undesirable drug reactions, an urgent problem of pharmacology. Up-to-date information on their global prevalence is provided, along with methodological approaches to their monitoring. The main directions for the development of the pharmacovigilance system in Russia are outlined.

The liposomal form of a new original remedy based on the preputial gland of Siberian musk has been standardized and characterized. For the preparative isolation of musk musk liposomes, an effective and scalable method of high-pressure homogenization was used. The resulting liposomal product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, preparative and analytical chromatography, and chromatography-mass spectrometry. A specification for the liposomal form of the extract of the prepucial gland of Siberian musk deer, including all critical indicators of the product quality, has been developed. Homogeneous dispersions of musk musk liposomes with uniform size distribution — with distribution maxima at 50 and 240 nm — were obtained. The high physical and chemical stability of the liposomal dispersion was established: the zeta potential of the obtained nanoparticles was -5...-35 mV. The degree of inclusion in the liposomes of the target components of musk musk according to gel-size chromatography and mass spectrometry for musk liposomes for steroid components and total protein was 58–75%. The developed quality indicators of the liposomal product allow for serial standardization of the manufacturing quality control and form the prerequisites for guaranteed high efficiency of the product based on the liposomal form of musk musk extract as an adaptogen of natural origin with an enhanced and pronounced effect.

This work is devoted to the development of a new simplified method for express diagnostics of cerebral blood supply disorders of a vertebrogenic and non-vertebral nature based on electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram data. The research was conducted using the example of vertebral artery syndrome in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine and somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, respectively. Several experimental studies into the dynamics of heart rate variability and differential indicators of the coordinated work of the heart and blood vessels were carried out according to the data of electrocardiography and photoplethysmography. Three experimental groups included healthy volunteers and volunteers with cerebral blood supply disorders connected with either the loss of plasticity and narrowing of brain blood vessels or their mechanical squeezing. According to the research results, statistically significant (with a significance level of less than 0.05) differences by a number of indicators were revealed between the experimental groups. A conventional discriminant analysis of the indicators of the coordinated work of the heart and blood vessels was carried out for all experimental groups in order to determine criteria for differentiating people with vertebrogenic disorders, non-vertebral disorders and healthy volunteers. It is concluded that three variables can be used for such differentiation, each of which describes the coordinated work of the heart and blood vessels in a specific way.

Normalization of FFT-transformed brain electrograms under the action of Semax was performed. The adequacy of the approach to assessing the pharmacodynamics of nootropic drugs exhibiting an activating effect on intracentral relations of the brain was shown. The high-frequency components of encephalograms (the γ-range in particular) were confirmed to be the most important indicators of the effects of psychotropic drugs.

The use of a biomodel of the confluent monolayer Caco-2 of enterocytes allowed us to reveal the ability of the S-protein isolated from strain LC2029 to prevent permeability disorders resulting from intestinal infections induced by pathogens (E. coli O157: H7, C. jejuni ATCC 33291, S. enteritidis ATCC 25928). This is important for maintaining the efficiency of the intestinal barrier.

An experimental model of direct acute lung injury was developed by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enterica (LD50 = 20 mg/kg). The dynamics of animal lethality, body weight, temperature and the severity of pathomorphological changes in the lung tissue were analyzed. It was found that the developed model is accompanied by a progressive decrease in body weight by 15%, persistent hypothermic reaction, pronounced edema and inflammatory reaction in the lung tissue within 4 days following lipopolysaccharide administration. The simplicity and reproducibility of the developed experimental model make it useful for preclinical research aimed at selection of candidate drugs for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The paper presents data on the dynamics of body weight and mass coeffi cient of lungs in golden Syrian hamsters after infection with the SARS CoV-2 virus. It was found that the most pronounced deviations of the studied parameters develop on the 7th day of the disease. The study also demonstrates the main histopathological changes in the lungs during this period of the disease.

The impact of a propanedioic acid derivative, 4,4’-(propanediamide)dibenzoate sodium (maloben), on the physiological and histological characteristics of mice line C57BL/6 was studied under 24-week modeled steatohepatitis. It was found that the compound in question exhibits hepatoprotective and regenerative properties, thus being promising for further study as an anti-steatosis agent.

In a narrowing beam-walking test, on the 21st day after the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, it was found that the succinic salt of diethylaminoethanol fumaric ester (PDES), at doses of 10 and 75 mg/kg, led to a statistically signifi cant decrease in the severity of sensorimotor defi cit of the anterior and posterior contralateral limbs of male rats under the conditions of cerebral ischemia. The test substance at a dose of 10 mg/kg reduced the volume of ischemic damage to the cerebral cortex of rats by 1.5 times. In terms of neuroprotective activity, the effect of the succinic salt of diethylaminoethanol fumaric ester at a dose of 10 mg/kg is comparable to that of Citicoline at a dose of 500 mg/kg.

The safety of the new anti-tuberculosis drug Tiozonide was studied by bioinformatics and preclinical methods using laboratory animals and with the participation of healthy volunteers. The absence of toxic effects on the main life support systems of mammals predicted by QSAR models was confi rmed by the results of acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity tests in various laboratory animals. Monitoring of the vital indicators of volunteers and a comparative analysis of the generalized results of these indicators before (screening), during and after the study showed the absence of reliable and clinically signifi cant changes that threaten the life and health of people.

In experiments on 55 rats, the effect of the administration of succinic acid on the morpho-functional state of the liver and metabolism in experimental liver cirrhosis caused by prolonged administration (within 3 weeks) of acetaminophen in combination with a high-fat diet was evaluated. Daily administration of succinic acid at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 2 weeks led to the disappearance of cholestatic syndrome, restoration of pigment metabolism parameters, and normalization of liver cytoarchitectonics. Thus, succinic acid as a basis for succinate-containing drugs is an effective hepatoprotector in the metabolic treatment of liver cirrhosis. 

The article presents the results of a clinical and bacteriological assessment of the pharmacological efficacy of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide in chronic compensated tonsillopharyngitis. As a result of a 10-day course of treatment, an improvement in the clinical status of patients was achieved, as well as a significant positive effect on the composition of the pharyngeal microbiocenosis. In particular, the content of Staphylococcus aureus, β-hemolytic streptococci, Escherichia signifi cantly decreased, and Enterobacteria, non-fermenting bacteria, and Streptococci pneumonia completely disappeared from the microbial focus. However, the conducted 10-day treatment did not lead to the complete disappearance of α-hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci from the microbial population. This may be explained by the reparative effect of Stellanin® on the lymphoid formations of the pharynx, contributing to the restoration of colonization resistance.