Enzyme activity at the digestive tract level was experimentally studied on rabbits and mini-pigs. The enzyme activity in the blood flow supplied to and from the rabbit stomach and intestines was assessed. In rabbits, the arteriovenous oxygen difference revealed a decrease in the lactate dehydrogenase and amylase activity under an increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity. A regular dependence in the dynamics of gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in the intestinal mucosa and chyme fractions was established. It was found that gamma-glutamyl transferase activity decreases in the distal direction in the mucosa of the small intestine wall. Its maximum activity was determined in the soluble fraction of the small intestine chyme, with a characteristic decrease in the distal direction. Due to the hydration of the cavitary mucus glycoproteins in the chyme and the existence of the latter in the form of an enteroplasm, the enzyme is assumed to localize in the enteric medium between the soluble and dense endogenous fraction with the purpose of displaying the maximum transport activity. A conclusion was made about the plasma-forming role of the digestive tract in terms of blood enzyme activity.

So far, no versatile set of reference genes for normalizing real-time polymerase chain reaction data has been identified. Numerous studies focusing the selection of reference genes for specific purposes frequently fail to elaborate a suitable selection strategy. In a number of such studies, the stage of selecting reference genes is ignored due to either its high cost or other reasons. As a result, the normalization of data is carried out using genes, which have previously shown their effectiveness under other, sometimes completely different, experimental conditions. In this work, we aim to study variations in the level of mRNA expression of several genes, some of which are commonly used to normalize RT-PCR data. As special conditions, modeling of rat liver fibrosis with thioacetamide was used.
In our experiment, when considering the process of fibrogenesis as a whole, the optimal reference genes were found to be hes1 and sdha. However, when focusing on specific stages of fibrosis, a pair of genes should be selected depending on the stability indicators. At the initial fibrogenesis stages, sdha and hprt can be used. The hes1 gene is suitable as a reference gene, when the average Cq value of the target genes is approximately 29 cycles (as in hes1). Hes1 should be used with care when working in the Cq ranges of target genes of 26–29 and above 30, since the error is likely to increase. Following the same principle, the optimum Cq value for the sdha gene was observed to be 27, although the Cq range of 24–27 is also acceptable. At the same time, when working in the Cq range of above 28, the use of sdha may be associated with an increase in calculation errors.

Cryopreservation biotechnology allows a long-term preservation makes it possible to preserve and subsequent recovery of biological objects for a long time. It This technology is used for creating is necessary to create a cryobanks. In this work, wWe have developeded a two-component freezing solution consisting of an artificial cerebrospinal fluid and agar in different concentrations. The effectiveness of the solution in terms offor long-term cryopreservation was investigated on surviving slices of the olfactory cortex of the brain of such non-hibernating animals – as rats. Changes Variations in the activities of AMPA and NMDA glutamatergic mechanisms in brain slices were studied as functional indicators of successful cryopreservation. The following agar Different concentrations of agar were used: 33%, 44% and 50%. At a concentration of 33% agar, AMPA hyperactivation and recovery of NMDA recovery mechanisms were observed. At a concentration of 44% agar, hyperactivation of both mechanisms occurred. A cComplete recovery of the activities of the AMPA and NMDA mechanisms after prolonged cryopreservation (–10°C, 52 days) was achieved at an agar concentration of 50%. The developed freezing agar-based freezing solution developed and studied by us does not contains no “heavy” protectors (DMSO), antibiotics, and cations, such as Ba2+ and Sr2+, which normally lead to an irreversible blockade of AMPA and NMDA mechanisms. Thus, an the agar-based freezingdeveloped solution solution helpscontributes to maintaining a high level of activity of AMPA and NMDA activity mechanisms in slices during their cryopreservation. The developed solution can be used to create a cryobank of nervous tissue.

This article deals with the problem of undesirable drug reactions (UDR), having particular importance for both pharmacology and the healthcare system as a whole. Up-to-date information on the global prevalence of UDR is presented. A methodological approach to monitoring UDR based on a system of spontaneous reporting (SR) is proposed. An analysis of SR on UDR registered in the Rostov region in 2020 is conducted.

The article presents the results of a complex clinical and bacteriological study aimed at determining the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring in patients with chronic compensated tonsillopharyngitis, including identification of microorganisms followed by determination of their sensitivity toward antibacterial and antimycotic drugs. β-hemolytic streptococcus was revealed to be the most etiologically significant microorganism in the development of chronic compensated tonsillopharyngitis. In addition, populations of microorganisms growing in the throat of such patients were found to exhibit high resistance toward antibacterial and antifungal drugs.

Cardiovascular pathology is the main cause of morbidity among patients with diabetes mellitus. The development of a specific therapy aimed at either blunting the protein signals involved in pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy or upregulating the expression of cardioprotective pathways can support new strategies for treating diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunctions. The aim of the work was to study the impact of intranasal insulin administration (IIA) on the expression of genes encoding insulin-dependent signaling proteins and components of the Ca²⁺-transporting system, as well as on the activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in cardiomyocytes on the model of experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in rats. It was shown that IIA eliminates the uncoupling of molecular mechanisms involved in electromechanical coupling in rat cardiomyocytes that occurs under the conditions of mild DM1. This allowed us to recommend IIA as a therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of structural and functional myocardial disorders caused by diabetes.

A comparative study of two commercially available injectable implants based on microparticles of various biodegradable materials (calcium hydroxyapatite and cross-linked collagen) was carried out using a murine model of subcutaneous implantation. The developed experimental model showed that both implants effectively replace the volume of soft tissues. Implant resorption was accompanied by a moderate chronic inflammatory response. The implant based on calcium hydroxyapatite microparticles caused pronounced post-injection swelling at 1 day after administration and demonstrated a more pronounced migration from the injection point. For this implant, an earlier onset of the process of replacing microparticles with autologous collagen fibers, accompanying its biodegradation, was observed. The implant based on cross-linked collagen microparticles had a greater lifting effect at the injection site and retained a longer effect of skin augmentation lasting for 12 months.