A comparative analysis conducted across the entire range of normalized brain electrograms (NBE) revealed the selective effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives in the hippocampus and frontal pole of the neocortex. A signifi cant similarity in the level of activation of these brain regions was revealed under the action of glutamine and, particularly, gabapentin. For gabapentin, the activity of the hippocampus is more comparable to that in the anterior suprasilvius gyrus. Under the action of pregabalin, NBE revealed a similarity between the hippocampus and the proreal gyrus, with a more pronounced activity being registered in the range of 1–10 Hz. The NBE activity in the anterior suprasilvian gyrus was lower than that in the proreal gyrus. Under the action of phenibut, the activity of the hippocampus was higher than that of the prefrontal cortex across the 30–40 Hz range; however, under the action of aminalon, this phenomenon was observed for all the analysed rhythms. The predominant effect of GABA derivatives on the high-frequency components of the γ-rhythms of NBE was established. The most pronounced activation effects in γ-rhythms were characteristic of aminalon, while the most pronounced effects of deprimation were characteristic of gabapentin. The overall picture of the γ-rhythm activity was similar under the administration of glutamine, pregabalin and phenibut, as well as being generally close to the background level. The effects of glutamine and pregabalin in the analysis of NBE showed similarities across the frequency ranges of about 40–44 Hz and 60–64 Hz. The effects of pregabalin, gabapentin, and phenibut were similar across the frequency range of about 52–62 Hz. In the high-frequency γ-rhythms, gabapentin, pregabalin and phenibut were characterized by peaks in the range of 44–50 Hz, 40–55 Hz and 35–40 Hz, respectively. Aminalon showed no similarities with other GABA derivatives and was characterized by an extremum in the γ-rhythm at a frequency of about 41 Hz. Using instrumental methods for assessing cognitive behaviour and the mathematical analysis of NBE, the signifi cant role of the intercalary neurons (basket cells) of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the implementation of glutamate and GABA effects was established. It was confi rmed that GABA derivatives function as the main mediator of intercalary neurons in the systemic activity of the brain. The maximum values of NBE under the action of all the GABA derivatives under study coincide with the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs. A comparative analysis of the effects of glutamate and all the studied GABA derivatives revealed the greatest similarity of the former with phenibut. Aminalon, being a synthetic analogue of GABA, differs from all other drugs under study by the highest activation of the general level of NBE. The effects of neuroimaging refl ect the properties and nature of the effect of drugs on cognitive functions, intra-centre relations of the brain and higher nervous activity. New mechanisms of the systemic action of GABA derivatives were studied. The obtained results confi rm that the normalized electrographic activity of various parts of the brain can be used to identify certain physiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the most important functions of the brain and their disorders. Activation of the GABAergic stress-limiting system can be considered as one of the promising methods for the selection of approaches to preventing and treating diseases associated with neurogenic and psychogenic factors.

This communication presents the experience of using mobile pressure chambers in patients with the confi rmed novel coronavirus infection in hospital settings. The obtained preliminary results indicate positive antihypoxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) applied in the form of increased saturation. After a session of HBO, patients demonstrated an increase in the oxygen saturation of capillary blood hemoglobin at the average level of 3.71 points. Differences between SatO2 levels prior to and following HBO treatment were signifi cant in the CT2, CT3 and CT4 groups (p0.05). As expected, the effi cacy of HBO in terms of the oxygen saturation of capillary blood hemoglobin was the greatest in the patient groups showing pronounced clinical and radiological changes in the lungs.

This article investigates consistency in the work of the heart and blood vessels in vascular diseases of a vertebrogenic and non-vertebrogenic nature, which are characterized by disorders of the cardiovascular system leading to an insuffi cient blood supply to the spinal cord and the brain. Vertebrogenic vascular pathologies were studied by the example of vertebral artery disorders in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, while non-vertebrogenic pathologies were considered in the syndrome of somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. It is shown that, compared to the norm, the degree of consistence in the work of the heart and blood vessels is lower in vertebrogenic and non-vertebrogenic vascular pathologies.

The aim of this review article is to generalize and systematize literature data on the properties of heat shock proteins, as well as their role in adaptation processes and experimental methods of their investigation. The synthesis of heat shock proteins is a universal response to stress, which plays an important role in protecting cells from negative external impacts. Heat shock proteins participate in fundamental cellular processes. Altered expression of heat shock proteins can serve as an important diagnostic marker of cellular responses to damage.

In this study, we compared visually evoked potentials (VEP) in healthy rats and rats following traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury was modelled by the method of controlled cortical impact. The electrical activity of the brain cortex was registered using nichrome electrodes. Responses in primary and secon dary motor cortex areas, as well as in the area of primary sensory cortex over the hippocampus, were evoked by 3 Hz white light fl ashes on the 3rd and 7th day after the operation. The latencies and amplitudes of N1, P2, N2, P3 и N3, as well as the duration and amplitudes of inter-peak intervals, were calculated. It is shown that unilateral traumatic damage of the motor cortex area and underlying regions in rats does not signifi cantly reduce the number of VEP peaks. However, in most of the animals, the N1 component was absent in the area of damage.In comparison with healthy rats, traumatized rats demonstrated an increased latency of N1 and N3 peaks on the 3rd day after the operation followed by their return to normal values on the 7th day. In addition, traumatized rats showed a higher P2 amplitude in regions remote from the traumatized cortex area on the 3rd day; however, the P2 amplitude was lower in the injury area on the 7th day. The obtained results indicate that the registration and analysis of VEP can be used for localizing the traumatized area and to analyse the dynamics of the brain functional state in rats with brain trauma.

Interlocked intramedullary osteosynthesis is the most common method for treating femoral shaft fractures. The aim — to reveal specifi c characteristics of the histostructure of canine femoral muscles when healing femoral fractures under osteosynthesis using interlocking intramedullary reinforcement with an antegrade metal rod. Femoral shaft fractures were modelled in 9 mongrel dogs. The fractures were fi xed with an intramedullary rod. In Group I (n=4), osteosynthesis was started immediately after bone injury. In Group II (n=5), osteosynthesis was started 4 days after fracture (delayed osteosynthesis). M. biceps femoris and M. quadriceps femoris were studied. In Group I and Group II, bone healing occurred following 42 and 70 days, respectively. A unifi ed bone marrow cavity and cortical layer had been formed by day 70 and day 100 in Group I and Group II, respectively. The histostructure of M. quadriceps femoris in Group I remained largely unchanged throughout the experiment, while M. biceps femoris underwent the process of structural reorganization on days 42 and 70 of the experiment. The Group of delayed osteosynthesis demonstrated changes in the histostructure of both muscles, including an increased diversity of fi bre diameters, an increased number of nuclei in myocytes, fi brosis of the interstitial space and perimysial arterial vessels. These changes were more pronounced in M. biceps femoris. Three months after injury, the histostructure of the muscles under study, even in the Group of delayed osteosynthesis, had no signifi cant differences and tended to the intact norm. In femoral fractures, the earliest possible fi xation of bone fragments with an inter locking antegrade intramedullary rod is recommended. A complete bone healing in such cases occurs a month earlier than in those with delayed osteosynthesis. The femoral muscles of the anterior group are injured to a lesser extent than those of the posterior group.