The effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the gut microbiota was evaluated in experiments on 47 rats with metabolic stress (MS) induced by food deprivation. MS was found to be associated with changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the caecum microbiota, including the redistribution of opportunistic flora, the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as a decreased number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Daily administration of GABA at a dose of 70 mg/kg during MS led to a decrease in the number of pathogens, thus leading to the restoration of normal eubionts in the cecum.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a natural buffer for amyloid в peptide (Аβ), which is a key factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An increase in HSA affinity to Аβ can be achieved via HSA saturation with low-molecular-weight ligands, such as serotonin or specific fatty acids. The conducted analysis of the genomic data of exomes (WES) associated with AD (ADSP database) revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the HSA gene at the binding sites of ibuprofen, arachidonic and oleic acids. Research into the properties of the revealed genetic variants of HSA should be carried out to determine those variants that are susceptible to the modulatory action of HSA ligands, thus increasing its affinity to Aβ.

The effect of ultrasound-induced stress on the gut microbiota composition of C57BL/6 mice was studied. Under the action of this type of stress, the gut microbiota composition shifts towards firmicutes at the phylum level. At the family level, an increase in Lachnospiraceae by 67.43%, Rikenellaceae by 39.29%, as well as a decrease in Bacteroidaceae by 64.75% and Prevotellaceae by 38.51%. is observed. The most prominent changes under the action of stress were revealed at the genus level: out of 28 identified genera, significant changes were recorded in 13.

The myostatin protein, belonging to the family of growth factors, represents a potential target for therapeutic effects in muscular system pathologies. However, this protein is characterized by other beneficial properties. Polymorphisms of the myostatin gene associated with the restriction of its functional activity are useful as genetic markers of meat productivity in farm animals. Blocking the action of myostatin in productive animals can be achieved by inducing the synthesis of specific autoantibodies using recombinant myostatin, possessing sufficient immunogenicity against myostatin as an antigen. A genetic construct was created and an E. coli producer strain with a high level of expression of recombinant myostatin was obtained.

To simulate a convulsive syndrome, phenylcarbamate was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Valproic acid aminoester (43 mg/kg), caramiphene (50 mg/kg), and diferidine (2 mg/kg) were investigated as potential anticonvulsant drugs. Blood and brain tissue for the determination of acetylcholinesterase (AСhE) were taken at 10, 30, 60 minutes, 6 and 24 hours after administration of the xenobiotic. In case of poisoning with reversible inhibitors of AChE and accumulation of acetylcholine in the CNS synapses (due to inhibition of AChE activity), only the initial manifestations of convulsive activity are caused, and other mechanisms not associated with AChE inhibition are responsible for the processes of further maintenance and recurrence of seizures.

In this work, we obtain a producer of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 E protein and develop a system for its expression and purification in a soluble form. ELISA confirmed its antigenic properties. In COVID-19 convalescents, the level of IgG against the E protein was significantly increased in comparison with the control group of patients.

For the first time, LASMA ST, a device for laser diagnostic, was adapted for preclinical studies on laboratory db/db mouse genetic models of type 2 diabetes. The proposed method for studying of tissue changes during diabetes mellitus consists in a simultaneous control of microcirculation compartments: blood and lymph flow and oxidative coenzymes. The presented approach is characterized by a high informational value, safety and objectivity, as well as by the possibility of dynamic monitoring and obtaining online data on tissue metabolism (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - NADH and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide - FAD).

Following a single administration of sodium thiopental in high doses (85 mg/kg intraperitoneally), the animals demonstrated the absence or weakening of reflexes at the levels of the spinal cord, medulla oblongata, bridge and midbrain and cerebral cortex over the period of one day. Other signs included a pronounced hypothermia, a decrease in the respiratory rate and a violation of its rhythm, a distinct tendency to bradycardia. On days 1-3 after the administration of sodium thiopental, a restoration of the respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature, and the functional state of the central nervous system at various levels was observed, with the exception of the cerebral cortex. In the long term, following the administration of sodium thiopental for up to 21 days, a depression of the functional state of the central nervous system at the level of the cerebral cortex, violation of coordinated propulsive peristalsis of the small intestine and intestinal microbiocenosis were detected. Hence, in experimentally simulated barbiturate poisoning, not only is the suppression of the functions of the central nervous system observed, but also significant and prolonged restructuring of the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract.

This research was aimed at creating novel domestic medical preparations with a modified release of active peptide substances obtained from renewable sources of biological materials. These preparations can be used for the purposes of pharmacological correction of desynchronosis by the action of biologically active substances on the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection of cells in order to increase the body's resistance to the negative effects of various stress factors. The conducted studies have confirmed the efficacy of modified-release peptide extracts when correcting the body's oxidative status in various types of desynchronosis.

Variations in the basic parameters of the electrical activity of the small intestine in rats were studied using an experimental model of hypochlorhydria caused by an intragastric administration of rabeprazole for 16 days. Hypochlorhydria was found to lead to an increased duration of irregular electric activity and a reduction in the period of quiescence, which indicates an increase in uncoordinated contractions of the small intestine. A decrease in the number of migrating myoelectric complexes and, consequently, a partial suppression of propulsive peristalsis contributes to an excessive bacterial overgrowth in the proximal small intestine.

The article presents a brief overview of the prospects for using the long-tailed chinchilla as a model in biomedical research.

A short-term deprivation of rat pups from breastfeeding in the early postnatal period leads to MS at the age of 4-6 months. However, this neonatal MS model requires optimization and a detailed study into the metabolic and hormonal parameters of adult animals. The aim of the work was to study these parameters in adult male rats deprived of breast milk at the age of 19-21 days, which was achieved by treating lactating females with bromocriptine. Adult male rats showed an increased body weight and adipose tissue, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia. These animals had reduced levels of testosterone, free thyroxine, and total triiodothyronine, with an increase in the thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thus, a short-term deprivation of breastfeeding in adult rats leads to the development of MS and endocrine dysregulations.

In type 1 diabetes mellitus, the impaired testosterone synthesis in the testes leads to androgen deficiency. The long-term application of high gonadotropin doses for its correction decreases the sensitivity of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptors in Leydig cells to the endogenous gonadotropins. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a 3-day treatment of male Wistar rats with streptozotocin type 1 diabetes with the 5-amino-N-tert-butyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(3-(nicotinamido) phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide allosteric LH/hCG receptor agonist (TP03, 15 mg/kg/day) on steroidogenic effects of a relatively low-dose hCG (10 IU/rat, single dose, s.c.). Pretreatment of diabetic rats with TP03 enhanced the stimulatory effect of hCG on testosterone levels, slightly modifying its effects on the expression of steroidogenic proteins (Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1) and LH/hCG receptor (Lhr) genes. Thus, in type 1 diabetes, TP03 increases the steroidogenic effect of low-dose hCG, at the same time as maintaining its effect on the gene expression of LH/hCG receptor and steroidogenesis enzymes in the testes.

The group of natural organic compounds referred to as humic substances are increasingly attracting attention both in Russia and globally. These compounds exhibit a fairly extensive range of biological properties, thus finding successful application in animal husbandry, agriculture and veterinary medicine. Fulvic acid represents one of the most prominent representatives of this group of substances. The chemical and biological properties of fulvic acid make it a promising candidate for application in traditional medicine and as a basis for the development of modern pharmacological preparations.

An original approach to the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a new mechanism of action based on directed coaggregation of a peptide with a target protein is proposed. The unique multifunctional bacterial ribosomal protein S1 was chosen as the target protein. The amyloidogenic and antibacterial effects of various peptides synthesized on the basis of S1 ribosomal protein sequences were studied. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the creation of new AMPs against various strains of pathogenic organisms.

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), the impaired functions of the brain insulin system are associated with the weakened insulin transport through the blood-brain barrier due to insulin resistance. Insulin deficiency in the brain can be corrected by intranasal administration of insulin (II), whose effect may be enhanced by intranasal administration of C-peptide (ICP). In this work, we study the effect of treating hyperinsulinemic and normoinsulinemic DM2 rats with ICP (36 µg/rat/day), II (20 µg/rat/day) and ICP+II on metabolic and hormonal parameters. In normoinsulinemic DM2, ICP attenuated thyroid hormone deficiency and enhanced the restorative effects of II on glucose, insulin, and leptin sensitivity. In hyperinsulinemic DM2, ICP was ineffective, and its combination with II weakened the restorative effects of II. Thus, ICP and its combination with II are effective in restoring metabolic and hormonal parameters in normoinsulinemic, but not hyperinsulinemic, DM2.

The consortium of symbiotic strains of lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum MDIIE 2165 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MDIIE 2166, deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (IBFM RAS), is the most suitable starter for obtaining a fermented beet juice (FBJ). These innovative probiotic lactobacilli ensure a deep processing of raw materials and allow a specialized food product with high organoleptic characteristics, biological value and adaptogenic properties to be obtained. FBJ can be used as a specialized nutrition product to improve the performance of athletes and people working and living in extreme conditions, as well as to prolong the professional longevity of the population.

The effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides and Schisandra chinensis extracts in doses of 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg were studied. The actoprotective activity the studied adaptogens was assessed on outbred female mice in a forced swim test with a load of 10% of the animal's body weight. Dry extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus (50 mg/kg), Rhaponticum carthamoides (10 mg/kg) and Schisandra chinensis (25 mg/kg) were found to exhibit the most pronounced actoprotective activity.

The effect of succinic salt of diethylethanolamine fumaric ester on the cognitive abilities of male CBA mice and outbred male rats was studied. It was found that the test substance at doses of 10 and 75 mg/kg in the “Extrapolation escape task” test has a positive effect on the short-term and long-term memory of animals, contributing to the preservation and reproduction of the information received. In the “T-maze” test, the succinic salt of diethylethanolamine fumaric ester in both doses was superior, and in the “Extrapolation escape task” test, it had a comparable effect with the reference drug piracetam (dose 900 mg/kg).

An entire cycle of preclinical studies of 4-[(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropanoyl)amino]benzoic acid (etmaben) exhibiting cardiotropic action was carried out. Its potential action mechanism and pharmacological effects, general toxic effects in acute and chronic experiments, specific types of toxicity (allergenicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity), and pharmacokinetics were studied. The drug was found to have a pronounced cardiotropic effect and a positive safety profile, which justifies the launch of phase I clinical trials.

An experimental study of antioxidant parameters in rats after exposure to carbendazim was carried out to study the effect of their pharmacological correction by an intragastric administration of Saccharina latissima extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg for 14 days. The extract under study was found to reduce the activity of lipid peroxidation and promote the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide.

Exogenous RNAs alter interspecifically the transmission of signals in organisms by regulating the expression of their genes. This process leads to phenotypic cellular changes, thus representing a possible new tactic for the treatment of various diseases. Exogenous RNAs are a promising approach to the creation of a fundamentally new class of drugs or biologically active additives (for plant exogenous RNAs) with a promising pharmacological activity and minimal side effects.

In this work, we study the neuroprotective properties of lithium ascorbate in in vivo and in vitro stress models. Neurocytological and behavioral studies were carried out on models of stress in both a culture of nerve cells and experimental animals. The studied drug showed a significant neuroprotective effect of lithium ascorbate in neuronal cultures exposed to glutamate toxicity and an adaptogenic effect in stress models in rats. The results suggest that lithium ascorbate possess a high neuroprotective potential in stress models in vivo and in vitro.

In this study, L-ornithine L-aspartate and empagliflozin were evaluated in terms of their potential effects on the hippocampus-dependent memory status in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in C57Bl/6 mice. NASH was found to be associated with an early transient decrease in the short-term recognition memory as well as a progressive reduction in the short-term spatial memory. L-ornithine L aspartate effectively prevented the impairment of recognition, rather than spatial, memory. At the same time, empagliflozin failed to improve the memory status of the animals.